Table of Contents
Abstract
This chapter describes the installation and basic configuration of the central OTRS framework. It covers information on installing OTRS from source, or with a binary package such as an RPM.
Mada zinazopitiwa hapa zinahusu usanidi wa seva za tovuti na za hifadhidata, kiolesura kati ya OTRS na hifadhidata, usakinishaji wa moduli za ziada za Perl, kuseti haki sawa za ufikivu za OTRS, kuanzisha kazi za mfumo zilizopangwa za OTRS, na baadhi ya mipangilio ya msingi katika mafaili ya usanidi ya OTRS.
Fuata hatua hizi za undani katika sura hii kusakinisha OTRS katika seva yako. Kisha utaweza kutumia kiolesura chake cha tovuti kuingia na kusimamia mfumo.
If available for your platform you should use pre-built packages to install OTRS, since it is the simplest and most convenient method. You can find them in the download area at http://www.otrs.com. The following sections describe the installation of OTRS with a pre-built or binary package on SUSE and Red Hat systems. Only if you are unable to use the pre-built packages for some reason should you follow the manual process.
Hiki kifungu kinaelezea usakinishaji wa kifurushi chetu cha RPM katika seva ya SUSE Linux. Tumeijaribisha katika matoleo yote ya hivi karibuni ya SLES na openSUSE. Kabla hujaanza usakinishaji, tafadhali tembelea http://www.otrs.com/downloads na hakikisha unatumia kifurushi cha hivi karibuni cha OTRS RPM kinachopatikana.
Unaweza kutumia OTRS katika mazingira ya nyuma tofauti ya hifadhidata: MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle au Microsoft SQL Server. Hifadhi data maarufu sana ya kuweka OTRS ni MySQL. Hii sura inaonyesha hatua unazotakiwa kuchukua kusanidi MySQL katika seva inayojikita kwenye SUSE. Bila shaka unaweza kusakinisha hifadhidata kwenye seva ya hifadhidata iliyojitolea kama ikihitajika kwa ajili ya mabadiliko kufanyika kiurahisi na sababu nyingine.
Kama ukifwatat sura hii katika openSUSE 12.3 na kuendelea hutaweza kusakinisha MySQL lakini MariaDB badala yake, uma wa MySQL tangamanifu wakanuni za MySQL. Hili sio tatizo, itafanya kazi vizuri tuu (na hata vizuri zaidi wakati mwingine).
Sakinisha MySQL kwa kutekeleza amri ifuatayo kama mzizi:
linux:~ # zypper install mysql perl-DBD-mysql
Hii itasakinisha MySQL na machaguo-msingi kwenye mfumo wako. Utahitaji
kubadili machaguo-msingi ili kufanya iwe kwa ajili ya OTRS yako. Kwa kutumia
kihariri nakala fungua faili /etc/my.cnf na badili
mstari wenye max_allowed_packet ndani yake, na ongeza
mstari hapa chini, kama hivi:
max_allowed_packet=20M
query_cache_size=32M
Sasa tekeleza rcmysql restart kuanzisha upya seva ya hifadhi data na kuamilisha mabadiliko haya. Kisha anzisha /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation na fuata maelekezo ya kwenye skrini kuseti nywila mzizi ya hifadhidata, ondoa ufikivu bila jina na ondoa hifadhidata ya majaribio. Mwisho, anzisha chkconfig -a mysql ili kuhakikisha mysql inaanzishwa kiotomatiki muda seva inapoanza.
Sakinisha OTRS kupitia tungo amri kwa kutumia zypper. Hii pia itavuta utegemezi kama seva ya wavuti ya apache na baadhi ya moduli za Perl. Hakikisha umenakili faili la OTRS RPM kwenda kwenye mpangilio orodha wa sasa.
otrs-sles:~ # zypper install otrs-3.3.*.rpm
....
Retrieving package otrs-3.3.3-01.noarch (1/26), 17.5 MiB (74.3 MiB unpacked)
Installing: otrs-3.3.3-01 [done]
Additional rpm output:
Check OTRS user ... otrs added.
Next steps:
[start database and Apache]
Make sure your database is running and execute 'rcapache2 restart'.
[install the OTRS database]
Use a webbrowser and open this link:
http://myserver.example.com/otrs/installer.pl
[OTRS services]
Start OTRS 'rcotrs start-force' (rcotrs {start|stop|status|restart|start-force| stop-force}).
((enjoy))
Your OTRS Team
http://otrs.org/
otrs-sles:~ #
Hati: Amri ya kusakinisha OTRS.
Usakinishaji wa OTRS umekamilika. Anzisha seva yako ya wavuti kupakia mabadiliko maalumu ya OTRS katika usanidi wake, kama ilivyoonyeshwa kwenye hati chini. Pia anzisha chkconfig kuhakikisha OTRS inaanzishwa kiotomatiki seva inapojiwasha upya.
otrs-sles:~ # chkconfig -a apache2
apache2 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:off 5:on 6:off
otrs-sles:~ # rcapache2 start
Starting httpd2 (prefork) httpd2-prefork: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 10.x.x.x for ServerName
done
otrs-sles:~ #
Hati: Kuanzisha seva ya wavuti.
OTRS inahitaji moduli zaidi ya zinazoweza kusakinishwa na RPM. Unaweza
kuzisakinisha baadaye kwa mikono. Unaweza kukagua moduli gani hauna kwa
kuanzisha hati bin/otrs.CheckModules.pl inayopatikana
kwenye mpangilio orodha
/opt/otrs. Baadhi ya moduli zinahitajika kwa ajili ya
sifa za hiari tu, kama mawasiliano na seva ya(za) IMAP au uzalishaji wa
PDF. Kwenye SLES unatakiwa kuongeza hifadhi ya nje kwenye usanidi wa zypper
ili kupata moduli zinazohitajika kwa ajili ya mfumo wako. Chagua moduli
inayohitajika na toleo lako la mfumo endeshi kutoka hapa: http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:/languages:/perl/.Ongeza
hifadhi kama hii kwa ajili ya SLES 11 SP2:
zypper ar -f -n perl http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:/languages:/perl/SLE_11_SP2 Perl
Kwenye openSUSE 12.3 hifadhi ya ziada inahitajika kwa ajili ya moduli Mail::IMAPClient tu, kama utahitaji kama unahitaji kukusanya barua kutoka kwenye seva ya IMAP inayolindwa na TLS. Mstari husika utaonekana kama hivi:
zypper ar -f -n perl http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:/languages:/perl/openSUSE_12.3/ Perl
Mara ya kwanza unatumia zypper baada ya kuongeza hii hifadhi, utaombwa kuweka ufunguo wake. Sasa unaweza kusakinisha moduli zinazokosekana kama hapa chini.
otrs-sles:/opt/otrs # zypper install -y "perl(YAML::LibYAML)"
Refreshing service 'susecloud'.
Retrieving repository 'perl' metadata [\]
New repository or package signing key received:
Key ID: DCCA98DDDCEF338C
Key Name: devel:languages:perl OBS Project <devel:languages:perl@build.opensuse.org>
Key Fingerprint: 36F0AC0BCA9D8AF2871703C5DCCA98DDDCEF338C
Key Created: Wed Oct 10 22:04:18 2012
Key Expires: Fri Dec 19 22:04:18 2014
Repository: perl
Do you want to reject the key, trust temporarily, or trust always? [r/t/a/?] (r): a
Retrieving repository 'perl' metadata [done]
Building repository 'perl' cache [done]
Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...
'perl(YAML::LibYAML)' not found in package names. Trying capabilities.
Resolving package dependencies...
The following NEW package is going to be installed:
perl-YAML-LibYAML
The following package is not supported by its vendor:
perl-YAML-LibYAML
Retrieving package perl-YAML-LibYAML-0.38-12.4.x86_64 (1/1), 75.0 KiB (196.0 KiB unpacked)
Retrieving: perl-YAML-LibYAML-0.38-12.4.x86_64.rpm [done (55.7 KiB/s)]
Installing: perl-YAML-LibYAML-0.38-12.4 [done]
Hatua inayofuata ni kusanidi OTRS kwa kutumia kisakinishi cha wavuti, kama ilivyoelezewa katika kifungu hiki.
Hiki kifungu kinaelezea usakinishaji wa kifurushi chetu cha RPM kwenye seva ya Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) au CentOS. Kwa OTRS 3.3 na kuendelea, RHEL 6 au CentOS 6 inahitajika, toleo la 5 halina msaada. Kabla ya kuanza usakinishaji, tafadhali tembelea http://www.otrs.com/downloads na hakikisha unatumia kifurushi cha hivi karibuni cha OTRS RPM kinachopatikana.
Unaweza kutumia OTRS kwa kutumia mazingira ya nyuma tofauti: MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle or Microsoft SQL Server. Hifadhidata maarufu kuweka kwenye OTRS ni MySQL. Hii sura inaonyesha hatua unazohitaji kupitia kusanidi MySQL kwenye seva ya RHEL. Bila shaka unaweza kusakinisha hifadhidata kwenye seva ya hifadhidata iliyojitolea kwa ajili ya kubadilisha kirahisi na sababu nyingine.
Sakinisha MySQL kwa kutekeleza amri ifuatayo kama mzizi:
[root@otrs-centos6 ~]# yum -y install mysql-server
Hii itasakinisha MySQL na machaguo-msingi kwenye mfumo wako. Utahitaji
kubadili machaguo-msingi ili kufanya iwe kwa ajili ya OTRS yako. Kwa kutumia
kihariri nakala fungua faili /etc/my.cnf na ongeza
mistari miwili inayofwata chini ya kifungu [mysqld]:
max_allowed_packet=20M
query_cache_size=32M
Sasa tekeleza service mysqld start kuanzisha upya seva ya hifadhidata na kuamilisha mabadiliko haya. Kisha anzisha /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation na fuata maelekezo ya kwenye skrini kuseti nywila mzizi ya hifadhidata, kuondoa ufikivu bila jina na kuondoa hifadhidata ya majaribio. Mwisho, anzisha chkconfig mysqld on ili kuhakikisha mysql inaanza kiotomatiki muda seva inapoanza.
Sakinisha OTRS kupitia tungo amri kwa kutumia yum. Hii pia itavuta utegemezi kama seva ya wavuti ya apache na baadhi ya moduli za Perl. Hakikisha umenakili faili la OTRS RPM kwenda kwenye mpangilio orodha wa sasa.
[root@otrs-centos6 ~]# yum install --nogpgcheck otrs-3.3.*.rpm
...
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
otrs noarch 3.3.3-01 /otrs-3.3.3-01.noarch
74 M
Installing for dependencies:
apr x86_64 1.3.9-5.el6_2 updates 123 k
...
procmail x86_64 3.22-25.1.el6 base 163 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 26 Package(s)
Total size: 80 M
Total download size: 6.0 M
Installed size: 88 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/25): apr-1.3.9-5.el6_2.x86_64.rpm | 123 kB 00:00
...
(25/25): procmail-3.22-25.1.el6.x86_64.rpm | 163 kB 00:00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 887 kB/s | 6.0 MB 00:06
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : apr-1.3.9-5.el6_2.x86_64 1/26
...
Installing : otrs-3.3.3-01.noarch 26/26
Check OTRS user ... otrs added.
Next steps:
[httpd services]
Restart httpd 'service httpd restart'
[install the OTRS database]
Make sure your database server is running.
Use a web browser and open this link:
http://myserver.example.com/otrs/installer.pl
[OTRS services]
Start OTRS 'service otrs start' (service otrs {start|stop|status|restart).
((enjoy))
Your OTRS Team
Installed:
otrs.noarch 0:3.3.3-01
Dependency Installed:
...
Complete!
[root@otrs-centos6 ~]#
Hati: Amri ya kusakinisha OTRS.
Usakinishaji wa OTRS umekamilika. Sasa unatakiwa kuhakikisha kwamba Apache imeanzishwa na kwamba inaanza wakati wote seva inapojiwasha upya.
[root@otrs-centos6 ~]# chkconfig httpd on [root@otrs-centos6 ~]# service httpd start Starting httpd: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 10.x.x.x for ServerName [ OK ] [root@otrs-centos6 ~]#
Hati: Kuanzisha seva ya wavuti.
OTRS inahitaji baadhi ya moduli zaidi ya zilizosakinishwa na RPM. Unaweza
kuzisakinisha baadaye kwa mikono. Unaweza kuona moduli gani unakosa kwa
kuanzisha hati bin/otrs.CheckModules.pl iliyopo kwenye
mpangilio orodha /opt/otrs. Baadhi ya moduli
zinahitajika tu kwa ajili ya sifa za hiari, kama mawasiliano na seva ya (za)
IMAP au uzalishaji wa PDF. Kwenye Redhat au CentOS tunashauri kusakinisha
hizi moduli kutoka kwenye hifadhi ya EPEL, hifadhi inayodumishwa na mradi
wa Fedora, ambayo inatoa vifurushi vya ubora wa juu kwa ajili ya RHEL na
vipngele vyake. Kwa taarifa zaidi angalia tovuti ya EPEL .
Kama uko kwenye RHEL 6 au CentOS 6, unaweza kupata kifurushi cha hivi karibuni kutoka tovuti hii. Unaweza kuongeza hii hifadhi kwenye yum moja kwa moja kwa kunakili URL ya RPM utakayoikuta kwenye kurasa hii na kutekeleza hili agizo:
[root@otrs-centos6 otrs]# yum -y install http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
Loaded plugins: security
Setting up Install Process
epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm | 14 kB 00:00
Examining /var/tmp/yum-root-7jrJef/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm: epel-release-6-8.noarch
Marking /var/tmp/yum-root-7jrJef/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm to be installed
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package epel-release.noarch 0:6-8 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=====================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=====================================================================================
Installing:
epel-release noarch 6-8 /epel-release-6-8.noarch 22 k
Transaction Summary
=====================================================================================
Install 1 Package(s)
Total size: 22 k
Installed size: 22 k
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : epel-release-6-8.noarch 1/1
Verifying : epel-release-6-8.noarch 1/1
Installed:
epel-release.noarch 0:6-8
Complete!
[root@otrs-centos6 otrs]#
Mara ya kwanza kutumia yum baada ya kuongeza hifadhi hii, utaombwa kuweka ufunguo wake. Sasa unaweza kusakinisha moduli zinazokosekana kama hapa chini:
[root@otrs-centos6 otrs]# yum -y install "perl(Text::CSV_XS)"
Loaded plugins: security
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package perl-Text-CSV_XS.x86_64 0:0.85-1.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=====================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=====================================================================================
Installing:
perl-Text-CSV_XS x86_64 0.85-1.el6 epel 71 k
Transaction Summary
=====================================================================================
Install 1 Package(s)
Total download size: 71 k
Installed size: 154 k
Downloading Packages:
perl-Text-CSV_XS-0.85-1.el6.x86_64.rpm | 71 kB 00:00
warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 0608b895: NOKEY
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6
Importing GPG key 0x0608B895:
Userid : EPEL (6) <epel@fedoraproject.org>
Package: epel-release-6-8.noarch (@/epel-release-6-8.noarch)
From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : perl-Text-CSV_XS-0.85-1.el6.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : perl-Text-CSV_XS-0.85-1.el6.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
perl-Text-CSV_XS.x86_64 0:0.85-1.el6
Complete!
[root@otrs-centos6 otrs]#
Hatua inayofuata ni kusanidi OTRS kwa kutumia kisakinishi cha wavuti, kama ilivyoelezewa katika kifungu hiki.
Kama unataka kutumia OTRS kwenye hifadhidata Oracle, utahitaji kukusanya-zalisha na kusakinisha kiendeshi cha hifadhidata DBD::Oracle. Hii ni ngumu kidogo kusakinisha zaidi ya vifurushi vingine; hii ni kwasababu Oracle ni hifadhidata inayomilikiwa kibinafsi na si mradi wa Red Hat wala Centos unaruhusiwa kusambaza viendeshi katika hifadhi zao za RPM.
Kwanza kabisa tutahitaji kusakinisha gcc, make na CPAN ili tuweze kukusanya-zalisha na kusakinisha kiendeshi. Chini unaona amri katika CentOS; katika matoleo mengine inaweza kuonekana tofauti kidogo.
[root@otrs-centos6 otrs]# yum -y install gcc make "perl(CPAN)"
Hatua inayofuata ni kupata na kusakinisha programu ya hifadhidata. Kwa hili utahitaji kujiunga kwa ajili ya akaunti ya bure katika tovuti ya Oracle. Unaweza kupakua viendeshi katika ukurasa huu: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/features/instant-client/index-097480.html Tafadhali chagua toleo la x86 au x86-64 la Linux kwa kutegemea na muundo wa mfumo wako. Unaweza kukagua hili kwa kutumia uname -i. Ni aidha 'x86_64' kwa ajili ya x86-64 au 'i386' kwa ajili ya x86. Unatakiwa kupakua vifurushi 'Instant Client Package - Basic', 'Instant Client Package - SQL*Plus', na 'Instant Client Package - SDK'. Zihifadhi mahali kwenye diski yako. Sasa kama mtumiaji mzizi unaweza kusakinisha vifurushi hivyo kwa kutumia amri ifuatayo:
[root@otrs-centos6 otrs]# yum install oracle-instantclient*
Baada ya hii unatakiwa kuseti vishika nafasi vya mazingira viwili na kusanya-zalisha kiendeshi cha DBD::Oracle. Kwa mara nyingine, fanya kazi hizi kama mtumiaji mzizi. Hatua zimeorodheshwa chini. Tafadhali tambua kwa ajili ya ufupisho baadhi ya mistari iliyotolewa na amri imeondolewa.
[root@otrs-centos6 otrs]# export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64
[root@otrs-centos6 otrs]# export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
[root@otrs-centos6 otrs]# cpan
cpan[1]> look DBD::Oracle
...
Fetching with LWP:
http://www.perl.org/CPAN/authors/id/P/PY/PYTHIAN/CHECKSUMS
Checksum for /root/.cpan/sources/authors/id/P/PY/PYTHIAN/DBD-Oracle-1.62.tar.gz ok
Scanning cache /root/.cpan/build for sizes
DONE
...
Working directory is /root/.cpan/build/DBD-Oracle-1.62-ZH6LNy
[root@localhost DBD-Oracle-1.62-ZH6LNy]# perl Makefile.PL
...
[root@localhost DBD-Oracle-1.62-ZH6LNy]# make
...
[root@localhost DBD-Oracle-1.62-ZH6LNy]# make install
...
cpan[2]> exit
Terminal does not support GetHistory.
Lockfile removed.
Sasa unatakiwa kuhariri faili Kernel/Config.pm kutoa ORACLE_HOME. Hatua inayofuata ni kusanidi OTRS kwa kutumia kisakinishi cha tovuti, kama ilivyoelezewa katika hiki kifungu .
Tafadhali sakinisha OTRS kutoka kwenye chanzo, na usitumie vifurushi vya OTRS ambavyo vinatolewa na Debian/Ubuntu.
Usakinishaji wa moduli za Perl zinazotakiwa ni rahisi zaidi kama ukitumia vifurushi vilivyopo:
apt-get install libapache2-mod-perl2 libdbd-mysql-perl libtimedate-perl libnet-dns-perl \
libnet-ldap-perl libio-socket-ssl-perl libpdf-api2-perl libdbd-mysql-perl libsoap-lite-perl \
libgd-text-perl libtext-csv-xs-perl libjson-xs-perl libgd-graph-perl libapache-dbi-perl